57A158
Behaviour of dissolved organic matter during experimental ice
formation during the INTERICE 4 project
Susann Haase, Colin Stedmon, Mats Granskog, Anssi
Vähätalo, Louiza Norman, Gerhard S. Dieckmann, David N. Thomas
Corresponding author: Susann Haase –
susann.haase@helsinki.fi
The present study is part of the INTERICE 4 project that
ran at the Arctic Environmental Test basin (Hamburgische
Schiffsbauversuchsanstalt) in October 2009. One aim of the experiment was to
investigate the behaviour of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during sea-ice
formation. DOM is important for biogeochemical cycles in oceans but also within
sea ice, since it is produced and degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. The
coloured fraction of DOM alters the optical properties of sea ice and therefore
influences photosynthetic sympagic (ice-associated) organisms and photochemical
processes. Fractionation during the formation of sea ice separates ice crystals
from high saline brine, which also contains dissolved and particular matter.
Diffusion and drainage cause the release of brine through the brine channel
network into the under-ice water. However, we presumed that physical processes
as well as biogeochemical interactions keep DOM within the ice causing an
enrichment of organic matter relative to salt. Experiments were performed in 1
m3 bags filled with North Sea water
(S = 33.1) from which half were treated with additional algae-derived DOM to
investigate the impact of DOM concentration and quality on the fractionation.
Within 1 week of freezing, under-ice water, bulk ice, brine and frost flowers
were sampled and analysed. We addressed the characterization of DOM by a
combination of methods: DOC and nutrient analysis, the absorption coefficient of
CDOM, the spectral slope coefficient of CDOM, excitation emission matrices
(EEMs) and PARAFAC modelling as well as size-exclusion chromatography (LC-SEC).
The enrichment in ice and brine and frost flowers relative to salinity was
calculated using the enrichment factor. Preliminary results based on CDOM
absorbance, DOC/DON and nutrient analysis suggest an enrichment of DOM in ice
and frost flowers, enrichment being higher at higher initial DOM concentrations.
In brine, DOM is only enriched if the initial water was treated with additional
DOM. Since this effect occurred after 1 day of ice growth, abiotic processes
alone are assumed to prevent the rejection of DOM from ice in the same quantity
as salts. Additionally, DOM, DOC/ DON and nutrients were found to be enriched in
frost flowers, indicating upward movements of brine under very cold
conditions.
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