57A167
Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover
Donald Perovich, Bonnie Light, Kathleen Jones, Hajo Eicken,
Julienne Stroeve, Thorsten Markus
Corresponding author: Donald K Perovich –
donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil
The summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has
decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and
duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have altered
the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic
atmosphere–ice–ocean system. The impact of sea-ice changes on solar
partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km × 25 km Equal
Area Scalable Earth Grid for the years 1979–2008. Daily values of incident
solar irradiance are obtained from ERA-40 reanalysis products and ice
concentrations are determined from passive microwave satellite data. The albedo
of the ice is modeled by a five-phase process that includes dry snow, melting
snow, melt-pond formation, melt-pond evolution, and freeze-up. The timing of
these phases is governed by the onset dates of summer melt and fall freeze-up,
which are determined from satellite observations. Results indicate a general
trend of increasing solar heat input to the Arctic ice–ocean system due to
albedo changes induced by reductions in ice concentration and longer melt
seasons. The evolution of albedo, and hence the total solar heating of the
ocean, is more sensitive to the date of melt onset than the date of fall
freeze-up. The largest increases in total annual solar heat input, averaging as
much as 4% per year, occurred in the Chukchi Sea region. In the summer of 2007,
there was an extraordinarily large amount of ice bottom melting observed in the
Beaufort Sea region. An increase in the open-water fraction resulted in a 500%
positive anomaly in solar heat input to the upper ocean. The melting in the
Beaufort Sea has elements of a classic ice-albedo feedback signature: more open
water causes more solar heat absorbed, resulting in more melting and more open
water.
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