57A202
Electromagnetic induction sounding and modeling of grounded
sea-ice ridges in shorefast ice
Blake P. Weissling, Matthew L. Druckenmiller, Michael J.
Lewis
Corresponding author: Blake P. Weissling –
blake.weissling@utsa.edu
Sea-ice thickness assessments utilizing multi-frequency
and variable coil-spacing electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments were
conducted in field trials at Barrow, Alaska, as part of the SIZONet (Seasonal
Ice Zone Observation Network) April 2008 sea-ice field campaign. A 6.2 km
shorefast ice transect along a Barrow community whaling camp trail was surveyed
with three separate EMI instruments with coil spacings of 3.66, 2.00 and 1.22 m
and at four operating frequencies ranging from 2 to10 kHz. Shorefast ice trails
provide direct access for the local Iñupiat whaling community to reach
the spring season ice edge or flaw lead, a polynya system that separates the
oceanic ice pack from the coastal fast ice. The ice cover's anchoring strength
and resistance to break-out events, factors important for ice safety, are
directly related to the degree and extent of grounding of ice-shear ridges to
the sea floor, thus providing the impetus to map ice thickness and deformation
with EMI sounding techniques. For ice < ~4 m, point-scale thickness
estimations along the whaling trail were similar for all EMI frequencies and
coil spacings. However, for thicker ice, low frequency (2 and 5 kHz) EMI
responses diverged from the higher frequency (9.8 and 10.0 kHz) responses, with
maximum ice thicknesses of approximately 11 and 6 m, respectively, for an
individual sounding. These results could not be explained by the simple
half-space model of conductance used to construct instrument calibration curves,
suggesting instead the possibility of grounded ridges – a distinctly
different conductance model with sea ice underlain by ocean bottom sediments
rather than sea water. This study presents an effort to evaluate the presence of
grounded sea-ice ridges through forward and inversion modeling techniques
applied to this rather unique EM dataset, with significant implications for
expanded deployment of multiple-frequency EM.
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